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Peter Tabori 1940-2023

2/3/2023

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This week on our social media feeds we have been celebrating the work of the Camden Borough Architects Department from the 1960s and 70s. So it is sad to see the news that one of its prime architects, Peter Tabori, has died. His work for the department consisted of three estates, all to a degree still in use as social housing. The most ambitious project was the first stage of Highgate New Town, a redevelopment of an area of Victorian houses, replaced with stepped concrete terraces.
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Highgate New Town. Image from Art & Architecture.
Tabori’s life before Camden was as interesting as his later designs. He was born in Hungary in 1940, and was imprisoned after the 1956 Soviet invasion, due to the activities of his family. He was released after six months and fled to Britain to reunite with his relatives. Here, through family connections, he got a job with architect Cecil Eprile, (known for his synagogue designs) and studied architecture at Regent St Polytechnic. There, he was taught by some of the period's bright young things, including James Stirling and later Richard Rogers. Stirling got him a job with fellow Hungarian Erno Goldfinger, with whom he worked for during two different periods. Goldfinger was a great influence on Tabori, and took time to mentor his young assistant’s work.
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University of East Anglia. Image from Art & Architecture.
Rogers was also an influence on Tabori, especially with his focus at the time on mass housing and prefabrication. Tabori would later help with drawings for Team 4’s Creek Vean house in Cornwall. Another star name, Denys Lasdun, was the external examiner for Tabori’s thesis, and was impressed enough to offer him a job. Tabori worked for Lasdun for 3 years, a period in which the partnership was designing the new University of East Anglia campus. Tabori took over detailing the precast concrete units needed for the project from Ted Cullinan, who had left to set up his own practice, working closely with the engineering consultants Arup.
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Highgate New Town plan. Image from Tom Davies.
In 1967, Tabori was invited for an interview with Sydney Cook, who was looking to enliven Camden Borough Architects Department. Cook had already employed Neave Brown, and Tabori was enticed to move into local authority work by the fact that Brown was already there. Tabori’s thesis on mass housing typologies that Lasdun had examined, was used at the basis of the Highgate New Town project. The scheme had been planned by Richard Gibson, but Tabori and Kennth Adie took over the project, finishing the design in 1972, with the estate completed in 1978. A long terrace stretches along Raydon Street, with shorter terraces behind, neighbouring Highgate cemetery. In between the shorter terraces are pedestrianised communal areas, with the upper maisonettes reached by a steep staircase. The estate was later extended in a more Pomo fashion by Bill Forrest and Oscar Palacio.   
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Oakshott Estate, Somers Town. Image from RIBApix.
Tabori also designed the Oakshott estate in Somers Town (1972-6). The design is related to the Highgate project with stepped terraces, this time in an L-shape around a green space. The original brief had the estate finished in concrete but due to the department's workload, the project was given over to outside architects to finish. First it fell to Roman Halter, but he resigned due to ill health, before James Gowan was given the job of completing the estate, Gowan added the red brick finish we see today. Tabori’s third project was a small scheme on the junction of Mill Lane and Solent Road in West Hampstead (1981). Moving with the contemporary rejection of concrete, Tabori produced a design in red brick, with external walkways decked out in bright blue railings. Tabori also worked with Arup Associates on feasibility studies exploring the possibility of building homes, offices and shops over railway lines in built up areas. After a serious car crash, Tabori resigned from Camden and went to work in private practice.
References

​Mark Swenarton- Cook's Camden: The Making of Modern Housing 


Bridget Cherry and Nikolaus Pevsner- The Buildings of England- London 4: North


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Anatomy of a House No.8- Fieldhouse

1/3/2023

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Anatomy of a House No.8

Fieldhouse, Crocknorth, Surrey

1969
Georgie Wolton

The houses we cover in our Anatomy of a House series usually fall into one of three categories; 1: Listed and/or kept as the architect originally intended, 2: Altered beyond recognition (see No.7 St Raphael), or 3: Demolished. The subject of our 8th Anatomy of a House unfortunately  falls into the last category (well sort of, but more on that later). It was designed by Georgie Wolton, a lesser known but fascinating figure of post war architecture in Britain. 
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Fieldhouse, Crocknorth, Surrey. Image from June Park: Houses for Today
Biographical details for Wolton are scant, but here is what we do know. She was born in Surrey in February 1934. She attended Epsom School of Art, where she met Richard Rogers, before studying at the Architectural Association from 1955 to 1960 before working briefly in the US. Back in Britain, she was one of the founder members of Team 4, a practice that included Rogers, Norman Foster, Georgie’s sister Wendy (later Foster) and Su Brumwell (later Rogers). Georgie was the only qualified architect among them, but quickly realised she preferred to work individually and left the collective to strike out alone. 

​Wolton designed a handful of buildings over the next 25 years, the most famous of which is the live/work space, Cliff Road Studios in Camden (1968-71). She also designed a couple of houses for her and her family, a single storey house in brick with a glass pyramid rooflight in Belsize Park (1976) and a steel house on Crocknorth Farm near Horley in Surrey, which is the house we will be exploring. The farm, previously owned by Wolton’s mother, lies on the Surrey Downs, in an open and windswept position, 600 ft above sea level. The house was intended as a weekend retreat, a getaway from city life seated in nature. 

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A sketch of the steel frame used for Fieldhouse. Image from Neil Jackson: Modern Steel House
Despite its bucolic location, in a meadow surrounded by pine trees, the house was very much something from the machine age. It was constructed of corten steel, a relatively unused material then (John Winter’s corten house in Highgate was completed two months before Fieldhouse). The steel frame held large windows of clear or brown “Spectrafloat” glass allowing 360 degree over the surrounding landscape. Corten steel is designed to develop a rust-like texture. Wolton chose it for this reason, wanting it to blend into the terrain, “It's a wild building and does not want to be tamed in any sort of way”. 
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Wolton's house in Belsize.
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Farnsworth House, Plano by Mise van der Rohe. Image from Saatchi.
The form of the building is influenced most directly by Mies van der Rohe’s Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois, and also by Philip Johnson Glass House in New Canaan and Case Study House 8 by Ray & Charles Eames in California, the last two of which Wolton visited whilst in the US. Wolton even borrowed the name of the house from a classic US modernist home. She stayed with architect Serge Chermayeff and his family at their home in Cape Cod, which was called Fieldhouse, prompting Wolton to use it in tribute to her time there. 

Inside the house was divided by sliding partitions, allowing reorganisation of the interior depending on the number of occupants and their requirements. The floors were of dark cork, minimising noise in the relatively tight confines of the house. The lack of wall space and areas to put radiators was circumvented by having electric heating situated on the ceiling. Despite its remoteness and ruggedness, Fieldhouse did sport some luxury, in the shape of a swimming pool, which sat on an axis with the house's entrance, and was sheltered from the wind by earth embankments. 
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The interior of Fieldhouse
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The swimming pool at Fieldhouse.
As mentioned at the start, Fieldhouse no longer exists. It was dismantled in 1993, its constituent parts apparently still stored in a warehouse, raising the tantalising prospect of them being dusted down and reconstructed on a suitable site. The site was used to build a new three bedroom house, although the long thin pool was kept. As well as Fieldhouse and the house in Belsize Park, Wolton also converted a Grade II listed barn in Gloucestershire for her own use in 1982. Wolton spent the latter part of her career as a landscape architect, designing gardens for The River Cafe, RSH+P’s Thames Reach and working on the gardens of the Dartington Hall Estate in Devon. Jonathan Meades praised her work and described her as the "outstanding woman architect of the generation before Zaha Hadid". Wolton died on 25th August 2021.
References

Neil Jackson: The Modern Steel House 

June Park: Houses for Today 

Miranda Newton: Architects' London Houses 



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  • About
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